Survey on Teenagers Pocket Money Essay Example for Free

Survey on Teenagers Pocket Money Essay Pocket Money is not just representing how much money that teenagers’ get; it also represents teenagers’ buying tendency, marketing size of teenagers, their finance method and possible reasons of stress because of financial problem. It’s worth to make a statistic on the topic teenager’s pocket money, for the reference of further studies on social research. In this report, the following data would be collected and analyzed. Firstly, we want to compare the pocket money teenagers how to spend their pocket money in past and that in nowadays (e. 2006 vs. 1999), then we should reveal the differences by our statistic figures like mean , mode etc, so that we can know whether they get more money or not, and other statistical information. Secondly, we also are interested in the relation between the teenagers’ ages and the amount of money they get, and then how this found out changes from 1999 to 2006. Thirdly, we want find what kind of things teenagers prefer to buy and whether they can handle their financial overload effectively by themselves. After that, we will try to find the reasons for those phenomena and then generate the conclusion. Objective To build up an online survey, to collect sample data about teenager’s pocket money, how they use it, and any financial problem they faced. Questionnaires In this project, we use internet survey instead of questionnaire survey in collecting samples from teenagers. There are few reasons for us to choose such survey method: First, teenagers are very sensitive to the money they own and they feel too nervous when other people ask about the amount of their pocket money. For those results, they prefer to refuse to answer this questionnaire by face to face method. Secondly, teenagers have a low incentive to do the survey on the street; they think it is wasting their time. This increases the difficulties in sampling from them directly. Thirdly, as a result, we choose internet survey which should be a more effective sampling method since teenagers are easier to access to computers and more willing to answer questionnaire as they feel that they can help other people. The online survey http://freeonlinesurveys. com/rendersurvey. asp? id=o2ve66ut8bs9gh7252868 was posted to HK newsgroup and forums to invite teenagers to fill the online survey since 1st December, 2006. We end the online survey and collected the data at 20th December, 2006. The Hard Copy of the online survey as follows: Result At 20th December, 2006, we collected 111 valid online questionnaires. Result of each question is shown respectively: Over 80% interviewers are in-range below 24, which stated that most interviewers are student. It shows most teenage have around $1000-$2000 pocket money, where around 36% teenage have $1001-$1500 pocket money. Around 34% students have $1501-2000 pocket money per month, which is second highest. 68% teenagers gain their pocket money from parents, where 29% teenagers gain their money pocket by part time job. The others which stated they gained by investment or gambling. But it seems there’s not reliable. In this chat rank 5 represent the highest value option to interviewee while rank 1 is refer to the lowest value option, it show that about 50% of teenagers put ‘studying’ as the last priority(rank 1) in their consumption, after that it will come to ‘saving’ at 25 %. On the other side, ‘entertainment’ is the option which people most willing to spend their money on it and it take 30% in rank 5, beside that ‘dressing ‘also an option that’s less prefer 25% in rank 5. 32% students think that they spent more than they get, which need to pay attention. In the 36 student who said that they spent more than they get, 52% of them would borrow from the money, 42% would borrow from friend. It is need to be concern that 6% of teenagers would borrow from financial company. 37% teenagers think that they can’t handle their financial problem effectively. This data seems reliable as from this survey, 32% cannot control their expanses. Calculation As it is important of founding out statistic factors of nowadays teenagers’ pocket money, calculation of sample mean, mode and median , standard deviation and coefficient of skewness and coefficient of variation are calculate as follows Assumption: Since we don’t know the exact number of â€Å"below $500† and †above 2000†, also number of this two sample is little compare with sample size, so these figures are neglect when calculation. Group Mean: = ? fimi/? fi = (750. 5*29+1250. 5*40+1750. 5*38) / 107 =1292. 5 Median = (107/2) = 53. th, so we know that the median should be in the class 1001-1500 = Lm + [(n/2-Cum Freq. )/f]*w) =1000. 5 + [(107/2 – 29) /40]*500 =1306 Mode Modal Class: 1001-1500 =Lmo+ (d1/d1+d2)*w =1000. 5+ (11/11+2)*500 =1423. 58 We are considering 107 samples. So sample standard deviation = 395. 2638 Coefficient of skewness =3(mean-media n)/standard deviation =3*(1292. 5-1306)/395. 2638 =-0. 1025 The curve is slightly skew to the left Coefficient of variation = standard deviation/ mean *100% = 395. 2638/1292. 5*100% =30. 5813% Discussion From the data posted by education department, mean of teenagers’ pocket money are 151*4 = $604 per month. Compared with sample mean we found, difference between two samples is 1292. 5-604=$688. 5. The difference due to change of HK economic environment and more teenagers earn their pocket money from attending part time job. It is advised that performing a larger survey if analyzing the relationship of teenagers and their pocket money more deeply. According to the survey data, it points out that teenagers are more concerned in materialism spending. And also, over 32% teenagers spending their pocket money is always greater than income, and teenagers are lack of ability to have their personal planning. Lower than 10% teenagers think that saving is important when they received pocket money. They spend a lot either entertainment or dressing. The government should pay more attention to this problem, and educate teenagers how to spending their money effectively, and prevent they will have the thought of ‘Using the future money’. Hong Kong teenagers usually have some part-time jobs income, to satisfy their needs on materialism. The main reason influences teenagers’ shopping style is brand, which is a teenager like to pursuit for famous brand name. Conclusion Via this survey, basically we has the expected proposes. We understand how teenagers get their pocket money and how to spend it, and also understand consumer behavior, including their mental characteristics. As a studies’ data, it can be used in the further studies in the social science. However, since the quantity of questionnaire is relatively few, so the result cannot fully reflect the fact of pocket money spending of teenagers.

The Philosophical and Scientific Methods of René Descartes :: Biography Biographies

The Philosophical and Scientific Methods of Renà © Descartes Renà © Descartes (1596 – 1650) is one of the most widely known philosophers in history and he is frequently discussed as an inventor of the modern scientific method. Rene Descartes was born on March 31, 1596, in La Haye of Touraine. He came from a wealthy family, and thus did not have any real financial worries. At age ten, his father sent him to the College Henri IV at La Fleche. This was a newly established Jesuit school, which was considered one of the best in Europe in terms of academic quality. Although Descartes appreciated what he was taught in mathematics, he was nonetheless discontent with the scholastic teaching he received from that school (Cress, 1993). Scholasticism was a teaching based on the doctrines of Aristotle and the Christian church. Followers of scholasticism often looked upon Aristotle’s work and the teachings of the church as authoritative figures. Indeed, much of their activity consisted in carefully scrutinizing the classical works of Aristotle in an attempt to resolve any contradictions between his works and the doctrines of the church. One of the reasons why Descartes was dissatisfied with Aristotelian-Scholasticism was because of the circular arguments it offered in explaining natural phenomena. For example, Aristotle’s argument that it is in the nature of earthly matter to fall down towards the Earth was to Descartes not an explanation, but rather only a description of what was happening. Furthermore, Descartes argues that terms used in scholasticism such as â€Å"heaviness† and â€Å"gravity† were not clearly understood. Thus, Descartes then proposed to do away with the foundations of scholasticism and start again from the beginning (Cottingham, 1986). Descartes’ dissatisfaction with scholasticism and his interest in beginning with new foundations of knowledge reflect the historical-scientific context of his time. Prior to the seventeenth century, medieval ideas had predominated. These ideas included the necessity to resurrect ancient knowledge, and to discourage innovations. By the seventeenth century, the idea that modern men could be wiser than the ancients was stimulated by the likes of Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon. However, Bacon and Descartes led two distinct schools of thought in regard to how one should pursue the acquisition of knowledge. While Descartes favored a more rational and theoretical approach, Bacon favored an empirical and practical approach.

Homosexuality as a Deviance: Discrimination In Society Essay

Deviance is a behavior that does not conform to social norms, therefore is socially created. Since most people in the United States believe that homosexuality is wrong, society has created homosexuality to be a deviance. Since deviance is relative and not absolute to a society, homosexuality is not a universal form of sexual deviance. There are many cultures that accept forms of homosexuality. The Western society is not accepting of it though, and many times this non-accepting view cause discrimination towards homosexuals. Is homosexuality a way for some people to deviate, or is it just the way some people need to live their lives? If that is the way of life for some people than society has to become accepting towards this lifestyle. Homosexuals are a minority since they differ from the accepted sexual orientation. They become objects of discrimination and contempt. Some of societies anti-homosexual attitudes come from homophobia. Homophobia is â€Å"the irrational fears of homosexuality in others, the fear of homosexual feelings within oneself, or self-loathing because of one’s homosexuality. It stems from ignorance and popular myths that give rise to homosexual prejudice†(Crooks 255). Homophobia is expressed in many ways, both subtle and direct. Telling jokes about queers, belittling their lifestyle, denying them housing, employment, membership into organizations, and engaging in violence against homosexuals. Heterosexuals also express homophobia by avoiding acts that would cause people to think they were gay. It affects men the most like this because it hinders male friendships. Men do not want to get too close to their male friends, or express emotions because they might be considered gay. Homophobia restricts the lives of both gay and straight people. Laws against homosexual behaviors have been very punitive. In the American colonies homosexuals were put to death by burning or drowning. Sodomy, which is oral or anal sex, was against the law in the United States until 1961. Illinois became the first state to repeal the sodomy laws. Now only 13 states continue to have sodomy laws. Even though these laws apply to all segments of the population, they are usually enforced against homosexual men. † Sodomy laws are used to harass homosexuals, especially gay men,  because women in general and lesbians in particular are socially invisible in society†(Eitzen 304). An example of the injustice of sodomy laws is the case of Matthew Leeman. He has been sentanced to 17 years in prison under Kansas State sodomy laws. The details of the case are 18 year old Leeman was convicted of giving a 15 year old boy consensual oral sex due to violation of the state’s sodomy laws. In Kansas sex with any minor is illegal, but there is also a Romeo and Juliet law that states sex with a minor is less of an offense if there is little age difference. Therefore if Leeman had given consensual oral sex to a 15 year old girl he would have received a 12 month sentance. But under the sodomy laws all same sex activities are illegal regardless of age, so the Romeo and Juliet exception does not apply to him. The case was appealed all the way to the Kansas State Supreme Court with the ruling upheld. So 18 year old Matthew Leeman will be in jail until he is 36 years old. The Supreme Court has upheld the right of states to prohibit sodomy in the case Bowers v. Hardwick in 1986. Recently the Supreme Court has decided it will revisit the issue of whether states can continue to prosecute homosexual men for having consensual sex in their homes. A descion is expected in June of 2003. Bars where homosexuals frequent are often raided by the police and many are arrested under the sodomy laws. This practice makes it difficult for homosexuals when they apply for jobs. Applications for employment ask if a person has a criminal record. Since some gays have records for violation sodomy laws, they must write it on their application. Both these offenses, having a record and being gay, makes employment less likely. Homosexuals, especially males, are highly discriminated against in activities considered to be super manly. Up until recently a person could not be gay in the military. Homosexuals were honorably discharged from the military. In 1993 President Clinton attempted to change this tradition. He received much opposition from politicians, citizens and the military. The result was a compromise, a don’t ask, don’t tell rule. This meant that the military personal was not to inquire about sexual preference, and that service members were not to be blatant about their sexual orientation. Another macho activity is sports. Gay men in sport have not been accepted. † There is much at stake in maintaining the silence about gay men in sports and in  discouraging gay male athletes from revealing their identities†(Coakley 234). To even talk about homosexuals in sports would threaten the system of gender classification. The fact is though there are homosexuals in sports and they are discriminated against. In the locker room athletes use anti- gay banter as part of daily life. Homosexuals in sports live in fear of the truth about their sexuality coming out. Although recently studies have shown that organized sports are becoming less homophobic. People in sports are becoming more tolerant of homosexuals. But the value of a homosexual athlete is of core importance. † Gay athletes with high human capital are much more likely to come out of the closet to their teams than are gay athletes with medium or low human capital†(Anderson 12). As homosexuals are slowly accepted by society, the gender lines that inhibit so many will slowly be erased. Another way homosexuals are discriminated against is through family rights. No State in America allows marriage between members of the same sex. Aside from the emotional benefits, there are legal benefits that come with marriage. Health insurance coverage, inheritance of property, and tax benefits are just a few advantages that come with a legally recognized relationship. Parenthood is another aspect of life that homosexuals are disadvantaged. The rights of gay parents are usually denied. When two people divorce it is most often the mother that gains more custody. â€Å"However if the mother is an acknowledged lesbian, this may jeopardize her claim to custody†(Crooks 266). A homosexual man has an even harder time gaining custody, because he has a double disadvantage. Many gay couples are also denied the right to adopt children; in some states it is even illegal. Some lesbian couples have children through artificial insemination. The problem with this is that only the mother of the child is legally recognized as the parent. There are only eight states that â€Å"second-parent adoptions by lesbians and gays have been approved in California, Oregon, Alaska, Washington, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Washington D.C.†(Strong 356). Being homosexual should not prohibit people from raising a legally recognized family. There are two ways that homosexuals deal with living in a hostile society.  The first is to conceal their sexual preference from the world. When they are in the straight world they act heterosexual, and only within the confines of privacy do they act gay. The second strategy is to be a gay liberationist. Instead of keeping their sexuality a secret, they are openly gay at all times. They challenge societal norms in hopes that there will be a change in attitudes. Gay liberationist rose about in the early 1970s, after an event that took place earlier. On June 28, 1969, the police raided Stonewall Inn, a gay hangout. Instead of dispersing as usual, the customers rioted. This incident drew a lot of needed attention to problems of police harassment that homosexuals faced. â€Å"In effect Stonewall resistance came to symbolize the birth of the modern gay rights movement†(Eitzen 312). Since Stonewall there have been many positive changes for gay rights. Now there are laws to protect the rights of homosexuals, where as before they had no laws protecting them. More and more people are coming out of the closet and are proud to be gay (A). As time continues homosexual rights will become stronger. This will only happen with the help of heterosexuals. Education is very important in the fight for gay rights. People must be informed that homosexuality is not a disease, or a sin; it is just the way of life for some people. Homosexuals are not monsters who should be put to death. Homosexuality has been around since before the written word, and each society deals with it differently. Our own society is not accepting of it. These are just humans who have a different sexual preferences than the members of normal society. Homosexuals have relationships, families, and even children, most of which are happy and healthy. They do things heterosexuals do such as serve in the armed forces and play sports. Yet society discriminates against them, even to the point of violence. Even though gay activists have made some difference in how society views their lifestyles, it is not enough. There needs to be more of a change. We as society should be more accepting of these people. If not we are the ones being deviant, with our policies of discrimination and harassment. Work Cited. Anderson, Eric. Openly Gay Athletes: Dealing with hegemonic Masculinity And Homophobia. University of California Coakley, Jay. â€Å"Sport in Society: Issues and Controversies† 7th ed. Boston: McGrawHill, 2001. Crooks, Robert. Our Sexuality. 6th ed. Pacific Grove: Brooks and Cole, 1996. Curtan, Jim. â€Å"Gay Liberation=Spiritual Liberation.† Genre 81 (2000): 74. Eitzen, D. Stanley. Social Problems. 7th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997. Strong, Bryan. The Marriage and Family Experience, Intimate Relationships in a Changing Society. 7th ed. Belmont: Wadsworth, 1998.

Racism in the United States - 787 Words

Racism is the trend of thought, or way of thinking, which attaches great importance to the notion of the existence of separate human races and superiority of races that are usually associated with inherited physical characteristics or cultural events. Racism is not a scientific theory, but a set of preconceived opinions they value the biological differences between humans, attributing superiority to some according to racial roots. Even in such ethnically diverse country as the United States, racism continues evident against people of different ethnic traits and skin color. According to Steinberg (Steinberg, 1995), racial discrimination has been the most important cause of inequality between whites and blacks in the U.S. Because of that, minorities in American society have been fighting over years for equal rights and respect, starting with the civil rights movement in 1960s. Also, public policies implemented since 1964 in the United States have been instrumental in reducing economic inequality between blacks and whites, such as the affirmative action, a federal program that tries to include minority groups by providing jobs and educational opportunities (Taylor, 1994). From this perspective, does racism still play a dominant role in American values and American society? If so, what are the consequences of this racism that still remain in American society? What is the impact of the Barack Obama presidency on the unending fight against racism in this country? Since everyoneShow MoreRelatedRacism And The United States1053 Words   |  5 PagesMost countries would say that the United States does not have a culture, but it is actually the opposite. There are so many cultures the United States harbors that we cannot choose just one culture as our flag. 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Race has always been a social construction in the United States, created in the minds of Americans and manifested through interactions but yet remains as a false determination of a human being. When we think back to earlier times many immigrants came over because of the â€Å"American Dream,† an idea that every citizen can have equal opportunities to achieve and live successful lives. The United States was the lighthouseRead MoreRacism And Ethnic Separation Of The United States1386 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and ethnic separation in the United States has been a noteworthy issue subsequent to the provincial period and the slave time. Legitimately or socially endorsed benefits and rights were given to White Americans that were not allowed to Native Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latin Americans. European Americans (especially Anglo Americans) were conceded select benefits in matters of training, migration, voting rights, citizenship, land procurement, and criminal method

Volunteering At The Boys Girls Club - 923 Words

Volunteer project For the volunteer project, I decided to volunteer at the Boys Girls Club. Volunteering at the Boys Girls Club has been a great experience. Interacting with the children’s and trying to get to know them little by little has been real nice. Each child is unique in their own way. During my experience volunteering I noticed a couple things that related to what we learned in sociology. Its really hard not to relate anything to sociology anymore; everything seems to be connected. One of the concept I noticed while I was at Boys Girls Club was the statues and roles. Each staff member had their own important roles that they played part in at BG Club but the same status; their status was BG club staff member. For example, Joe status was a staff member but a higher advanced one; Joe was the manager of the club. He had more important roles then the other staff members. Joe made sure everything was going in order. Another staff member is Jeff. Jeff’s role is le ss demanding. He just helps around Joe and make sure the kids are behaving. Each staff member had a different role they played. Either it was the manager. helping recreations, or small groups, they each put in a different part to help out. Even though I just mentioned about the staff members, the children have statues and roles too. The children statues are BG club members, and their roles vary but mainly are just to socialize with the other members. It was interesting to see the roles that theShow MoreRelatedVolunteering With The Boys And Girls Club Of America986 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolved in. One is volunteering. Local organizations around my community are always looking for people to come in and help volunteer with the young and the old. A local Boys and Girls club is one that I volunteer at when ever I get a chance to. Volunteering with the Boys and Girls Club has allowed me to help the boys and girls to have a safe place to come learn and grow while having fun. It is a pla ce where young people can come and know someone cares about them. Volunteering makes a differenceRead MoreBoys Girls Club Of Kern County1529 Words   |  7 PagesBoys Girls Club of Kern County Introduction The Boys Girls Club of Kern County is a non-profit, established in 1996, dedicated to help young individuals in preparing for their futures. The chapter focuses on helping these individuals with character building, doing well in school, and becoming a responsible citizen within the community. This chapter provides services for â€Å"over 5,000 children daily at our 3 clubhouses and 49 campus based programs† (Kern County Boys Girls Club, 2015). The goalRead MoreThe Experience Of A Volunteer1124 Words   |  5 Pageswe worked at a Boys and Girls in the projects. When my small group (missions group) got to the Boys and Girls club we first looked around at the type of environment and we instantly realized that these kids weren’t in the of best homes. This Boys and Girls club was the only one that was free unlike the rest of them in the area. One of the adults in my missions group pointed out a six-year-old boy walking the streets without any supervision all the way up to the Boys and Girls club. We then becameRead MoreMy Duty For Volunteering At Virginia Commonwealth University Health Services902 Words   |  4 Pageslearn way to avoid situations of abuse. My duty for volunteering was teaming with Virginia Commonwealth University Health Services and making SCAN a known organization throughout Richmond community. VCU threw a wellness block party that included many different health services but also gave members of the community to learn and seek help with many different organizations that were there promoting their business or organization. I sat with one other girl and passed out flyers and contact information toRead More Why I Volunteer Essay728 Words   |  3 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Volunteering is something you do not for the money, but for self-satisfaction that you helped someone else. Any time someone helps another without being asked they are volunteering. Many people volunteer but inside they really wish they were out having fun, but I volunteer for the look on the child’s face when he/she learns something new.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different groups to volunteer with. One major group is the AmeriCorps. Each year, AmeriCorps has more than 40,000 members serve withRead MoreExperience Paper Volunteering1305 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Experience Paper Volunteering Psy/215 December 7, 2014 For this paper I took a look at possible volunteer opportunities in my local community. I gave examples of what opportunities were available and how to find information on how to become a volunteer. 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The mission of this organization is to provide a ffordable child care will help ease a single parents burdenRead MoreWhat Is The Cross Over Of The Lacrosse Club To A Team Sport?914 Words   |  4 PagesHello, I want to thank you for meeting with me regarding the cross over of the lacrosse club to a team sport in the 2018 season. I have great respect for you and the roles that you have at Millikan. Ive witnessed your efforts and have been impressed with what youve done at Millikan. Kevin has engaged the community in a way which has brought Millikan sports more respect and awareness. Dan has coached and guided staff in a common sense way of dealing with parents as well as maintaining a pragmaticRead MoreMy Success Within The Nursing Program863 Words   |  4 PagesI have had plenty of experiences as an individual that I believe will contribute to my success within the nursing program. From taking courses like Opportunity Emergency Care, volunteering (where), and being a part of organizations (which one), have contributed to me having an insight in what is like to be a nurse. Opportunity Emergency Care During my high school year, I was fortunate to take a college course called Opportunity Emergency Care. This course provided me with a lot of insights on whatRead MoreThe Boys Girls Clubs Of Indianapolis1574 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This analysis will help determine what specific areas of the Boys Girls Clubs of Indianapolis is strong and doing efficiently, as well as what areas need more improvement, while also giving suggestions on how to improve those areas. I have critically analyzed the mission statement, official website, the lack of volunteers, donations and funds. Below you will find the critical analysis results and suggestions. Critical Analysis Mission Statement According to Miller and Dess, mission

Divorce And Its Effect On Children - 901 Words

Divorce Upon Children Over the past few decades, the divorce rate has exponentially increased throughout America. Many Americans have developed a new definition of family due to the rapidly changing culture of our times. These culture and value changes have drastically brought a change to the traditional ideas of the past resulting in many different changes within the nuclear family of the past. Divorce has become rampant amongst the American population, which is causing many Sociological problems to those that have to go through the depressing and saddening stages of stress, especially to the children of whose parents are divorced. â€Å"At present, 60-75% of divorces involve children under the age of 18†(Lansford, 2009). Many children have to experience the distress of divorce and it affects them in many ways such as mentally, physically, economically, which brings them great difficulty in their lives. Divorce brings a long lasting effect upon children for years in terms of mental and their menta l stability. Families have broken down which has caused to divorce many times let alone once which causes children to go through the troublesome path of adjustment. â€Å"Many children of divorce have transitory symptoms, which may take the form of excessive worrying, sadness, anger, oppositional behavior, impaired social relationships, and compromised school performance†(Bernet, 2015). Throughout the transitory stage, children face many sociological and psychological such asShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Divorce On Children And Divorce1460 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s world, most people accept divorce or separation as a way of life. Parents are unaware or do not understand the damage it can have on their children. However, in some instances, it is better to get out of an abusive relationship because that can be as toxic as divorce. 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Divorce has differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children1255 Words   |  6 Pages The effects of divorce on children Throughout time, people from all over the world have chosen to live together, or â€Å"get married†. Marriage is a beautiful thing, but there are some couples who are unable to maintain their relationship, because they choose divorce as a solution to cope with the problems between husband and wife. Although divorce can be solution to cope with problem between the husband and wife, it still has dangerous effects especially on their children. Children with divorced parentsRead MoreEffect Of Divorce On Children1068 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Divorce on Children While divorce may reduce strain on a failing marriage, it may cause damaging effects on the children. Often times parents are too concerned on the marriage to notice the effects on children. From the way parents react in front of the children to new marriages all can directly affect the daily lives, and behavior of children. Though, there are ways to mitigate some of the issues that can come with divorce, possibly avoiding some of the effects all together. UnfortunatelyRead MoreDivorce : The Effect On Children1084 Words   |  5 PagesNicole Halterman Professor Tausch CTI 102 D Written Communication 4 October 2014 Divorce: the Effect on Children In today’s society, divorce has become a normal occurrence. Married couples today are getting divorces due to many different reasons; conflicts in the marriage, a loss of romantic feelings, perhaps a spouse is having an affair, or other types of problems. Most divorces have children that are really young and due to their age, they do not have any idea how to deal with this type of situationRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children1296 Words   |  6 Pages50% of all the children born to married parents today, will experience the divorce of their parents’ before they are eighteen years old. Divorce in and of itself doesn’t necessarily harm a child, but the conflict between parents does. A child’s behavior correlates directly with the effects of their parents’ separation. Deep emotional wounds are created before, during, and after divorce and separation. It is rare that you find a child that actually wants their parents to separate, unless the ma rriageRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children1343 Words   |  6 Pagesknow that the divorce rate in the United States hovers around fifty percent, including forty percent under the age of 21. In that fifty percent one of every six adults is likely to go through a divorce twice. Not only does divorce affect the adults involved, but forty percent of children in the United States will experience parental divorce (Portnoy, 2008). Children with divorced parents struggle with negative consequences emotionally, mentally, and academically compared to those children from intactRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Children998 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce has become very popular in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, on average 50% of marriages result in a failed marriage. This percentage has been at it’s all time high. Not many couples have sustained a successful marriage in present days. Divorces have been around for a long time, and unfortunately kids have a lways been affected the most according to their age. As a result of divorce, there are many children that have to go through this situation at a very young ageRead MoreThe Effect Of Divorce On Children847 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome more unmanageable. According to Sirvanli-Ozen, recent studies confirm that the impacts of divorce on children are not restricted to the childhood period but are manifest during adolescence and adulthood as well. Many studies on the subject show that children who have experienced parent divorce have a lower degree of psychological accord and lower socioeconomic status in their adulthood (Amato Keith, 1991b; Biblarz Raftrey, 1993; Ross Mirowsky, 1999; Amato, 1996) and have more problemsRead MoreEffect Of Divorce On Children1207 Words   |  5 Pagesmarriages that end in divorce has been steadily increasing. When a marriage ends children are impacted and it’s not only emotional and devastating the couples but this also has a huge effect on the children of all ages involved. Many parents go thro ugh a divorce disaster with little knowledge of the effects that the children may go through. Some of the most common impacts that divorce has on children include the fact that children tend to start to blame themselves for the divorce, adjusting in areas

Changing Business Environment

Questions: 1.How would you describe Tesco's competitive environment in the uk? 2.Why do you think UK retailers were generally slow to venture abroad untill the 1990s? 3.How would you describe Tesco's competitive environment in its international markets? Answers: 1. Competitive environment of Tesco in UK market Tesco is the most popular supermarket in United Kingdom with greatest market share of almost 31% till June 2012. It is the market leader of the supermarkets as well as the UK grocery market. It can be said that after Walmart and Carrefour in terms of annual sales, Tesco ranks third in the global market of grocery and supermarkets. However, Tesco has been considered as one of the members of the Big Four. The four giant supermarkets of United Kingdom are Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrisons (Yoder, Visich Rustambekov, 2016). However, apart from the supermarkets, there are many popular departmental stores and convenient stores that are considered as direct competitors of Tesco in Unite Kingdom market. They are Asda, Lidl, Waitrose, Aldi, etc. In the competitive environment, it is seen that Asda has a market share of 17%, Sainsburys has a market share of 16.6% and Morrisons possess 11%. However, the cost leadership strategy of Tesco along with the quality of goods is the most important aspect of attracting more customers to the company. The natures of the consumers of United Kingdom are known to the company which is the reason of success of capturing the greatest market share in United Kingdom (Gollnhofer Turkina, 2015). 2. Growth of UK retailers until 1990 After getting a grip in the UK market, Tesco is trying to expand its branches outside the country. The company has adopted organic strategy as a growth strategy in the country as well as outside the country. It is seen that during 1990s the company has started its international expansion slowly initially in Ireland and other countries of continental Europe. It can be said that the case study illustrates the fact that in 1990s, Tescos international ventures was acquisition of a French retail brand in northern France known as Catteau (Dimitrova, Rosenbloom Andras, 2014). However, Tesco soon realize that there is a tough competition in the French market which is saturated in nature. The reason behind slow growth in the 1990s is the lack of research regarding the shopping behavior of the consumers as well as the growth of the competitors in the market. Apart from that, there are other European companies that are faced many complications while they have faced loss in the sales as well as capturing customers in the market. Companies like Marks and Spencer has created a loss in the market in terms of profitability. It is the reason also Tesco is taking decision of slow growth outside the UK market (Zhao, 2014). 3. Competitive environment of Tesco in international market Global supermarket retail industry is competitive in nature. It is seen that Walmart is the market leader of the supermarket industry in the world. However, Tesco ranks third in the world in the grocery retail sector. Competitive environment in international markets like in Western Europe and United States is very high. The shopping habits of the buyers are different from that of other countries. Apart from that, the shoppers usually shops from domestic supermarket retail chains rather than international supermarket brands in terms of grocery and daily use items (Yoder, Visich Rustambekov, 2016). On the contrary, the market in Central Europe and Asia are quite growing and the people are ready to buy products from the international brands. Tesco has its business operations in many countries of Asia and Central Europe that are responsible for providing business to the company. The case study portrays that Tesco is making losses in the branches of United States; hence they are on the v erge of closing their US operations. The saturation of the Asian market is less than that US market and Western Europe market (Eckman et al., 2015). References Dimitrova, B. V., Rosenbloom, B., Andras, T. L. (2014). Does the degree of retailer international involvement affect retailer performance?.The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research,24(3), 243-277. Eckman, M., Sakarya, S., Hyllegard, K., Borja, M. A. G., Descals, A. M. (2015). Consumer receptiveness to international retail expansion: a cross-cultural study of perceptions of social and economic influence of foreign retailers.The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research,25(3), 260-275. Gollnhofer, J. F., Turkina, E. (2015). Cultural distance and entry modes: implications for global expansion strategy.Cross Cultural Management,22(1), 21-41. Yoder, S., Visich, J. K., Rustambekov, E. (2016). Lessons learned from international expansion failures and successes.Business Horizons,59(2), 233-243. Zhao, S. (2014). Analyzing and Evaluating Critically Tescos Current Operations Management.Journal of Management and Sustainability,4(4), 184. Changing Business Environment Question: Disucss about the Changing Business Environment. Answer: Introduction: International trade has become an essential component of any business organization that wants to a substantial growth in the age of globalization. It can simply explain as the increase of rate and expansion of the interdependence of economic and business activities across national boundaries (Wood Wilberger, 2015). Whereas, International Business can be expire as the business activities and transactions of resources, products, services, skills and knowledge without affected by physical boundaries. For the customers, globalization or internationalization of business means, more product options to choose from with varied quality and pricing as well as an increasing hazy identity and source of the products or service. With the expansion of international business, it increased the dependency of economic and business behavior across physical boundaries. International business organizations gain competitive advantage, as well the reason for, the rising interdependence among economies and forming one global economy. One of the common limitations against International Trade and globalization is it deprives countries of their autonomy and sovereignty. In this essay, the author is analyzing the impact of cultural difference have when a business organization considers penetrating a new international market. Based on the analysis the study tries to explain the cultural factors, which act as a barrier for new business expansions on foreign markets. Culture as a barrier in international business ventures: In the age of technologically innovated world environment, the business environment is changing in a successive manner, and the effect cannot ignore. Therefore, to recognize and manipulate consumers' want and desires, international business organizations should be aware of the different cultures. The term culture can briefly explain as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another (Moran et al., 2014). The business organizations, operating in more than one culturally different market often face problems regarding attitude, beliefs, and values of the society or communities. As a result, the international business organizations should learn the strategic rules of the game and make an implementation to mimic the societal values and beliefs to gain the confidence and acceptance by showing respect to the concerned society or nation. Any other way, the business organization will face challenges and subsequent financia l loss. Each society and communities have own set of cultural values and beliefs. These fundamentals of culture are established along linguistic (verbal and nonverbal), belief, principles and attitude, behavior and traditions and knowledge. Adoption of the mentioned attributes depends on the level of market penetration by the business organization. The most important factor is cultural analysis, which assists the markets to plan strategically for market penetration. For instance, China is a nation state with enormous trade opportunities for foreign business organizations, but performing trade in China has a significant cultural challenge. A vibrant cultural melting pot attracts many individuals to experience the heart of its energetic environment. The factors that are important for foreign expansion by business organizations are, on the magnitude of the domestic market, the production facility and ability, and the availability of resources on the foreign market. The motive here is business organizations can position on an internationalization level ranging from the domestic market to globalization. Thus, business functions commonly improve when individuals from different cultural background identify new approach to general problems, creating solutions by involving cultural aspects and skills to view issues from different angles. Often the problem of "Ethnocentrism" occurs, i.e. when an individual feels culturally superior to others. The situation creates chaos and misunderstanding within the organization. Linguistic Barrier and communication: According to scholars, language becomes one of the major barriers when it comes to negotiating among the foreign trade partners and customers. Though is not possible to be multi-linguistic in all the time, but studies show that there is a strategic market plan to succeed in communication in the linguistic diverse market. When interacting with group from different cultures, communicating in a neutral pitch and making a alert attempt to be considerate of others' input, even if it is given in an approach to which many business organizations are not habituated, but is can help promote effective business communication (Ferraro Brody, 2015). International Business Communication is build up when the management understands the areas of commonality. The problem arises when an international business hires talents from different background and country, the diverse workforce fails to communicate and understand others. A language failure among cultures usually comes as 1) inappropriate translati ons; 2) cultural diversity between speakers of the similar language. Environment and Technology: The world economy is expanding in the age of innovative technology, which helps business organizations to conduct business overseas. However, business organizations may face some adversities in conducting overseas business. Technology helps business organizations easily connect with the stakeholders and distributors easily, but few rules and protocols should maintain. For instance, Spanish business organizations have longer lunch breaks than British or Americans have, so it is favorable to connect any Spanish businessperson during lunch hours. Also, if a business organization plans to launch technologically improved gadgets or appliances where people are less used to or not accustomed with updated technology and culturally more traditional; the product will not gain popularity in the particular market. Target Audience: When a business organization, plans to expand in the foreign market for the new business opportunity, it is advisable to conduct a proper analysis of the target audience in the selected market. The factors like, gender preferences, beliefs and attitude, ideologies, traditions and level of conservatism changes and vary in large amount from society to society and country to country. Therefore, if a particular product, service, or promoting a campaign hurts sentiments of a community or the target audience can create difficulty for the brand image of the product or service. Being conscious of cultural norms can also help your company narrow down the target audience (Pieterse, 2015).For instance, McDonalds has launched vegetable products in India like McAloo, VegPizzaMcPuff, McAloo Wrap with Chipotle Sauce, MCVeggiee, McSpicy Paneer, etc. primarily targeting the larger vegetarian customers residing in India. Thus, McDonalds' penetrated the large customer base in India and gained popularit y especially among the younger generation and urban areas modifying their product according to local customs and beliefs. Customs: A business organization, which functions in different diversely cultured countries, it is important to maintain all the cultural norms and ethics to avoid any chaos or misunderstanding in business process, which includes the fundamental traditions, mannerisms, and gestures of a cultural group. A business practice in one country may represent unethical or absurd in another. For instance, conducting informal business meetings in Australia is quite natural and often conducted in large corporate organizations, whereas in the USA business, meetings are always formal and taken attendees should be formally dressed and formal in conversations. Therefore, an American businessperson may find it shocking when interacting with Australian counterparts for the first time. Concept of power: Different societies have different viewpoint towards power and authority, which affects the interaction in the business situation notably since it forms the outlook of how communication will received, based on the relative position of the communicator the recipient. To be precise, conceptions of power manipulate the forms that decision-making and other business communications occur in a business organization. In functioning with cultures in countries like Israel and Sweden, which have a comparatively decentralized power idea, one may expect better recognition of a participative communication management model than in business cultures such as France and Belgium where participative management models are less utilized and relying as an alternative on authority-based decision making(Moran et al., 2014). Cultural Influence on Customers Behavior: Figure: Cultural Influence on Customers Behavior Source: Created by Author. In the above figure, the author has presented the cultural influence on Customers Buying behavior in a typical country. Culture in each society considered by three elements: cultural forces, cultural communication, and customer decision practice. The national identity, Educational knowledge and family background visibly influence cultural factors. Ethics and principles, behavior and roles and plan manipulate cultural messages. Culture also influenced from universal requirements and desires of the society and consumer trends. The culture differs by the change in nations. The international business organization should analyze and manage the cultural diversity and connect the stress to bring harmony in the process of business. Combination and synthesis of the cultural diversity the international business organization can incorporate diverse cultural perspectives and look for vibrant results the upcoming challenges. Strategically decisions to manage cultural diversity in international business: Despite many limitations and adversities, Globalization of business can bring sustainable growth to any business organization if the cultural diversities managed carefully. Abilities and skills in successfully manage cultural diversity are a necessary among business leaders in the age of globalization. Cultivating cultural difference in a business organization is the crucial step towards the sustainable business development. Managing diversity is a skill and ability, which takes long practice by a leader to excel in it. The initial is by understanding and knowing the cultural pattern of the domestic market. By accepting how individual and social values shape attitudes, perception and behavior, it is easier to expand to manage differences. The motive is not to evaluate but through dialogue and communication to generate better options for wider societal benefits. The suggested steps to manage diversity in new market expansion are: Critically analyzing the social and cultural norms in the newly selected market Appointing representatives from the diverse social background in the workforce so that decision and market actions taken according to the selected society or community. This way a business organization can avoid hurting or engaging communal sentiments. The management should take initiative to form a dedicated team to handle social diversification issues and challenges within the organization. Promoting different social functions and gatherings to increase familiarity and acceptance among increasing brand awareness. Conclusion: Disregarding diversity issues include revenue, time, capital, and incompetence. Successful managing of the cross-cultural edge is a vital source of a business organization's competitive advantage. Management and leaders should develop not only empathy and patience toward cultural diversity but also obtain an adequate amount of accurate information about the beliefs and values of selected market. In the above study, the author has studied why business organizations face cultural differences when expanding globally and the different aspects and factors that can come up as a challenge in the process of internationalization. It is vital to recognize how the cultural diversity influences performance, enthusiasm, achievement, and communications with others. As internationalization of business organizations is quickly reshaping, so it is important for business leaders to manage the diversity and differences to bring effective performance. Reference: Hirst, P., Thompson, G., Bromley, S. (2015).Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Beck, U. (2015).What is globalization. John Wiley Sons. Hitt, M., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. (2012).Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Pieterse, J. N. (2015).Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Shao, K., Maher, P. (2013). Pedagogy Through IT Globalization: The Effects of Changing Business Dynamics on Academia.Global Learn. Retrieved in March, 915-921. Yeung, H., Olds, K. (Eds.). (2016).The globalisation of Chinese business firms. Springer. Wood, V. R., Wilberger, J. S. (2015). Globalization, Cultural Diversity and Organizational Commitment: Theoretical Underpinnings.World,6(2). Wild, J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Frazier, C. B., Ludwig, T. D., Whitaker, B., Roberts, D. S. (2013). A hierarchical factor analysis of a safety culture survey.Journal of safety research,45, 15-28. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014).Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Forsgren, M., Johanson, J. (2014).Managing networks in international business. Routledge. Peterson, M. F., Arregle, J. L., Martin, X. (2012). Multilevel models in international business research.Journal of International Business Studies,43(5), 451-457. Ferraro, G., Brody, E. K. (2015).Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge.